Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00791

Figure Lengend Snippet: Training and tolerance induced by DAMPs. (A) Training/tolerance protocol. (B,C) Low doses of DAMPs can increase the response to LPS. (D,E) Higher doses of DAMPs, however, can induce tolerance to LPS. The effects were DAMPs- and read-out-dependent (box-and-whisker plots, comparison of medians using Mann-Whitney U-test, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, compared to controls without first stimulus, n = 8 healthy donors). Optimal doses in this experiment were following: (B,C) training: β-glucan 1 μg/ml, biglycan 0.5 μg/ml, fibrinogen 0.15 μg/ml, citrullinated fibrinogen 0.15 μg/ml, HMGB1 2.5 μg/ml, HSP90 1.25 μg/ml, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 1 μg/ml, oS100A 5 μg/ml, S100A4 5 μg/ml, tenascin C 1.25 μg/ml; (D,E) tolerance protocol: Flagellin 5 ng/ml, LPS 1 ng/ml, PAM3CSK4 0.5 μg/ml, ATP 0.31 μg/ml, biglycan 1 μg/ml, fibrinogen 1 μg/ml, citrullinated fibrinogen 1 μg/ml, HMBG1 5 μg/ml, HSP90 5 μg/ml, MDP 5 μg/ml, oS100A4 10 μg/ml, S100A4 10 μg/ml, tenascin C 5 μg/ml.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human proteins were used: HSP90/GRP94 (Abcam), tenascin C, HMBG1, biglycan, and S100A4 (R&D Systems).

Techniques: Whisker Assay, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

Article Title: Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation

doi: 10.1155/2020/8263598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of thalidomide on iNOS, CD206, Arg-1 and TNF- α protein expression in 33.3 mM glucose-induced macrophage. (a) iNOS and CD206 protein expressions. (d) Arg-1 protein expression. (f) TNF- α protein expression. The results of iNOS, CD206, Arg-1, and TNF- α were represented in (b), (c), (e), and (g), respectively. All results were expressed as a ration with respect to control and represented as the mean ± SD in triplicates. ∗ p < 0.05; versus 11.1 mM glucose. # p < 0.05; versus 33.3 mM glucose. & p < 0.05; versus Tha100. ^ p < 0.05; versus Tha50. Abbreviations: LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Tha50: 50 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; Tha100: 100 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; Tha200: 200 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; CD206: mannose receptor; TNF- α : tumor necrosis factor- α ; Arg-1: arginase-1.

Article Snippet: After several consecutive rinses with a washing buffer (0.1% Tween-20 in PBS), the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against iNOS at 1 : 500 dilution (Catalog No. BA0362, Boster), TNF- α (Catalog No. BA0131, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution, CD206 (Catalog No. A02285-2, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution, and antibody against Arg-1 (Catalog No. BM4000, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

Article Title: Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation

doi: 10.1155/2020/8263598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of thalidomide on iNOS, CD206, Arg-1, and TNF- α mRNA expressions in 33.3 mM glucose-induced macrophage. (a) iNOS mRNA expression. (b) CD206 mRNA expression. (c) CD206 mRNA expression. (d) TNF- α mRNA expression.All the results were represented as the mean ± SD in triplicates ∗ p < 0.05; versus 11.1 mM glucose. # p < 0.05; versus 33.3 mM glucose. & p < 0.05; versus Tha100. ^ p < 0.05; versus Tha50. Abbreviations: LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Tha50: 50 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; Tha100: 100 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; Tha200: 200 μ g/ml thalidomide in 33.3 mM glucose; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; CD206: mannose receptor; TNF- α : tumor necrosis factor- α ; Arg-1: arginase-1.

Article Snippet: After several consecutive rinses with a washing buffer (0.1% Tween-20 in PBS), the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against iNOS at 1 : 500 dilution (Catalog No. BA0362, Boster), TNF- α (Catalog No. BA0131, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution, CD206 (Catalog No. A02285-2, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution, and antibody against Arg-1 (Catalog No. BM4000, Boster) at 1 : 500 dilution overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Electret‐Inspired Charge‐Injected Hydrogel for Scar‐Free Healing of Bacterially Infected Burns Through Bioelectrical Stimulation and Immune Modulation

doi: 10.1002/advs.202411889

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative analysis of relative area percentage of a) T‐bet, b) CXCR3, and c) GATA3, respectively. Data were shown as mean ± SD (n=3,* p < 0.05 when compared with Blank group; # p < 0.05 when compared with QO group; & p < 0.05 when compared with QOS group). The relative mRNA expression levels of (d) CXCR3 and e) IFN‐γ in Jurkat E6‐1 cells, analyzed by real‐time qPCR. CXCR3 and IFN‐γ are specific markers of Th1 cells, indicating the expression level of Th1 cells.

Article Snippet: Th1 conditions: IL‐12 (20 ng mL− 1 ), IL‐2 (20 ng mL− 1 ), anti‐IL‐4 (5 ng mL− 1 ); Th2 conditions: IL‐4 (20 ng mL− 1 ), IL‐2 (20 ng mL− 1 ), anti‐IFN‐γ (5 ng mL− 1 ), all purchased from Proteintech, Wuhan, China.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Electret‐Inspired Charge‐Injected Hydrogel for Scar‐Free Healing of Bacterially Infected Burns Through Bioelectrical Stimulation and Immune Modulation

doi: 10.1002/advs.202411889

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism diagram of QOSP hydrogel regulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Article Snippet: Th1 conditions: IL‐12 (20 ng mL− 1 ), IL‐2 (20 ng mL− 1 ), anti‐IL‐4 (5 ng mL− 1 ); Th2 conditions: IL‐4 (20 ng mL− 1 ), IL‐2 (20 ng mL− 1 ), anti‐IFN‐γ (5 ng mL− 1 ), all purchased from Proteintech, Wuhan, China.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Pediatrics

Article Title: Correlation of biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05182-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: The minimum and maximum values, the median, and the IQR for each marker. The IQR represents the middle 50% of the data, with the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile values

Article Snippet: Human ELISA Kits were used to measure CRP (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. DCRP00B, USA, Sensitivity: 0.022 ng/mL), TNF-α (Immunological Sciences, cat. IK4185, Sensitivity: 1 pg/ml), TGF-β1(Diaclone Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 9 pg/mL), IL-1β (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HSLB00D, USA, Sensitivity: 0.063 pg/mL), IL-10 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HS100C, USA, Sensitivity: 0.17 pg/m), Il-8 (MabTech Human IL-8 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 2 pg/mL), and IL-6 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat.HS600C, USA, sensitivity: 0.09 pg/mL) in the serum samples of ASD patients and control group, according to the Kit manufacturer.

Techniques: Marker

Journal: BMC Pediatrics

Article Title: Correlation of biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05182-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparing the serum concentrations of CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6 between ASD patients and control individuals

Article Snippet: Human ELISA Kits were used to measure CRP (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. DCRP00B, USA, Sensitivity: 0.022 ng/mL), TNF-α (Immunological Sciences, cat. IK4185, Sensitivity: 1 pg/ml), TGF-β1(Diaclone Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 9 pg/mL), IL-1β (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HSLB00D, USA, Sensitivity: 0.063 pg/mL), IL-10 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HS100C, USA, Sensitivity: 0.17 pg/m), Il-8 (MabTech Human IL-8 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 2 pg/mL), and IL-6 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat.HS600C, USA, sensitivity: 0.09 pg/mL) in the serum samples of ASD patients and control group, according to the Kit manufacturer.

Techniques: Control

Journal: BMC Pediatrics

Article Title: Correlation of biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05182-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation matrix of inflammatory markers in the ASD patients

Article Snippet: Human ELISA Kits were used to measure CRP (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. DCRP00B, USA, Sensitivity: 0.022 ng/mL), TNF-α (Immunological Sciences, cat. IK4185, Sensitivity: 1 pg/ml), TGF-β1(Diaclone Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 9 pg/mL), IL-1β (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HSLB00D, USA, Sensitivity: 0.063 pg/mL), IL-10 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HS100C, USA, Sensitivity: 0.17 pg/m), Il-8 (MabTech Human IL-8 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 2 pg/mL), and IL-6 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat.HS600C, USA, sensitivity: 0.09 pg/mL) in the serum samples of ASD patients and control group, according to the Kit manufacturer.

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Pediatrics

Article Title: Correlation of biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokines in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05182-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation matrix of inflammatory markers in the control group

Article Snippet: Human ELISA Kits were used to measure CRP (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. DCRP00B, USA, Sensitivity: 0.022 ng/mL), TNF-α (Immunological Sciences, cat. IK4185, Sensitivity: 1 pg/ml), TGF-β1(Diaclone Human TGF-β1 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 9 pg/mL), IL-1β (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HSLB00D, USA, Sensitivity: 0.063 pg/mL), IL-10 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat. HS100C, USA, Sensitivity: 0.17 pg/m), Il-8 (MabTech Human IL-8 ELISA kit, Sensitivity: 2 pg/mL), and IL-6 (Quantikine, R&D Systems, cat.HS600C, USA, sensitivity: 0.09 pg/mL) in the serum samples of ASD patients and control group, according to the Kit manufacturer.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Activins as Dual Specificity TGF-β Family Molecules: SMAD-Activation via Activin- and BMP-Type 1 Receptors

doi: 10.3390/biom10040519

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of activin homo- and heterodimers on IH-1 cell viability. IH-1 myeloma cells were treated for three days with increasing doses of activins as indicated in the figure. Cell viability was measured using CellTiter Glo and the results are plotted relative to control ( a – e ). The graphs represent mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) of n = 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test were performed (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, **** p ≤ 0.0001, ns (not significant) p > 0.05). ( f ) We also treated IH-1 cells for 24 h with activin A (20 ng/mL), activin B (4 ng/mL), activin C (20 ng/mL), activin AB (5 ng/mL) or activin AC (20 ng/mL), and did western blot to look at differences in expression of c-MYC, phospho-SMAD1/5 (pSMAD1/5) and cleaved caspase 3, with GAPDH as the loading control. The blots shown are representative of n = 3 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The recombinant human proteins activin B, activin C, and activin AC were from R&D Systems (Bio-Techne, Abingdon, UK), whereas E. coli -produced and refolded activin A (human) [ ] and activin AB (human/Xenopus) were kindly provided by Marko Hyvönen’s group at the University of Cambridge, UK.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing